Means of Access. Plywood and other rated roof panels are laid with their face grain running ____ to the rafters/trusses for greater strength. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria of paragraph (g)(4). When horizontal lifelines are used, they shall be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold, or they may be looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines (on scaffolds so equipped) above the hoist and brake attached to the end of the scaffold. EO 13166 requires organizations to assess the services they offer, determine which of those services may be needed by LEP persons, and then develop a system to provide "meaningful access" without unduly burdening the agency. The minimum amount of stock left above the seat cut of the common rafter to ensure enough strength to support the overhang is usually _____. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surfaces. To convert fractions of an inch to a decimal equivalent, one must ____. The slope of a roof is found on the plans. 4. What Organizations Must Comply? The type of roof that has the fewest number of different sized members is _____. ___________ are usually 2x4's installed flat on the top of the ceiling joists to stiffen and space the joists. Must have a minimum rung length of 11 inches, and a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Could these approaches work for your organization? Est=200GPa,=250MPa.E_{st} = 200 GPa, _ = 250 MPa. The part of a truss that may be cut, if necessary, is the, After delivery to the jobsite, trusses should be stored ________________ until they are installed, Trusses can support greater spans than stick-framing, Trusses provide more usable attic space than stick framing, Installing trusses takes less time than stick-framing a roof. When working on asphalt shingle roofs, roof jacks should be placed about _____ feet apart. The member that prevents a set of trusses from tipping over is called a _____. Considering how federal funds flow into government agencies at all levels, as well as non-profits and other organizations, EO 13166 affects thousands of organizations. 2. The line length of a hip rafter with a unit rise of 6 inches and a total run of 12 feet is _______ (Unit length for the hip on a 6:12 is 18"). A ribband becomes a ___________ when a 2x6 is nailed to the edge of the ribband. Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. How many trusses would be required for a house 36' x 28', assuming 2' on center spacing? Means of access must be provided to any scaffold platform that is more than ______ above or below a point of access. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). Scaffolds 4 feet to 10 feet in height having a minimum horizontal dimension in either direction of less than 45 inches, shall have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the platform. Why then do we worry about high surface temperatures today? Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. Cross-braces shall not be used as a means of access. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Recalculate the values in Prob. Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. Previously, I have blogged that with respect to title II, the critical question is whether a person has meaningful access to the services, programs, activities of the public entity. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. 2. In fact, plaintiff stated that the child only needed three insulin injections since her diagnosis in 2012, and in those situations, it was absolutely not an emergency because the childs insulin pump kept the child regulated; 2) plaintiff could not remember a time in the last year when the childs school nurse was required to give the child an insulin injection; and 3) plaintiff admitted that assuming glucagon injection could be given, her child would be able to attend camp with just an insulin pump. Concise and clearly written, this practical guide provides a virtual roadmap to the ADA, its regulations, and case law. Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. All scaffolding should be able to support ____ times the intended load. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. 2 times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet (3.1 m). Step ladders can be safely used with the ladder leaning against the wall surface. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. Buy now. Treads and landings shall have slip-resistant surfaces. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Outrigger beams which are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck shall be secured by tiebacks. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers extension ladders; walk boards or scaffold planks. If so, one wonders just what the deposition preparation involved. When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). 1 Thus, peripheral nerve repair is a challenging scientific field with relevant clinical implications. Roof brackets are usually required on a roof slope greater than ____ in ___. Employers must provide access when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. The top edge height of toprails or equivalent member on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 shall be installed between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m) above the platform surface. Additionally, the nature of the organizations services, and the importance of its work to peoples lives, dictates the speed and skill level required to communicate with LEP individuals. 6. Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. a board used to keep the roof from sagging; it connects two rafters on opposite sides of the ridge. What is the hip projection, in inches, if the actual common rafter projection is 6"? Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. If it is 4 m long and has an outer diameter of 50 mm, determine its required thickness so that it can support an axial load of P = 100 kN without buckling. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. As a starting point, the U.S. Department of Justices four-factor analysis provides a self-assessment structure: INFOGRAPHIC: How language access enhances understanding, maximizes efficiency, and creates a more positive public image. EO 13166 requires organizations to assess the services they offer, determine which of those services may be needed by LEP persons, and then develop a system to provide meaningful access without unduly burdening the agency. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. As we can see "integral prefabricated scaffold access" is listed as an acceptable and safe means, which means the built-in metal scaffold end frame ladders. Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component to a level below that required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Unstable objects shall not be used as working platforms. Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. To learn more about how we can help your organization, contact us today. For the situation you described, the deck inside the scaffold uprights provides the access point to the side-bracket platform. a small right triangle found on a set of prints stating the rafters' run and rise, the ratio of rise to the span of the roof, the horizontal member that forms the highest point of the rafters and secures the upper end of the rafters. 2. The rafter that spans from a hip rafter to the ridge is a. Makeshift devices, such as but not limited to boxes and barrels, shall not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the working level height of employees. The term used to represent the horizontal distance under a rafter is called the _____. A defendant can go a long way towards becoming victorious in an ADA lawsuit by having a comprehensive policy based upon the best available scientific or medical evidence. Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). With respect to title II of the ADA, when it comes to deciding whether a modification/accommodation to a public entitys service, program, or activities is reasonable, the question is whether the modification/accommodation results in meaningful access. Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Where the employer makes the demonstration provided for in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, the platform shall be planked or decked as fully as possible and the remaining open space between the platform and the uprights shall not exceed 9 inches (24.1 cm). Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). The child is able to monitor her glucose levels independently but is unable to self administer insulin injections if needed. The defendants diabetes accommodation policy, mentioned above, was quite extensive. Since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney and professorof which during his time as a. This four-factor analysis forces organizations to more fully understand the diverse populations they serve, as well as to assess their existing bilingual-staff resources. To access the work area of a scaffold, the user should use an approved ladder or _____. Introduction. Debris shall not be allowed to accumulate on platforms. Ceiling joists are typically installed ___________. Est=200GPa,=250MPa. Since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney and professorof which during his time as a full-time academic at various institutions in Chicago, he won numerous teaching awards and achieved tenure. The workers allowed to climb an access ladder for a metal tubular scaffold that has its rungs spaced 18" apart are the scaffold erectors only Wood scaffold planks, when loaded should deflect no more than 1/60th of the span Guardrails must be installed on all scaffolds more than 10' in height Compound angle cut at the top of a hip or hip jack rafter so it will fit flush against the ridge. Which of the following is not an OSHA standard for the proper use of scaffolds ? In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. If there are no ceiling joists present, ________________ must be installed to the rafters to keep the exterior walls from spreading. where A, B, and k are constants. Scaffold plank must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. The estimated number of common rafters needed for a gable roof on a rectangular building that measures 22 X 34 that is framed at 24" OC is _____. The top guy, tie or brace of completed scaffolds shall be placed no further than the 4:1 height from the top. As a starting point, the U.S. Department of Justice's "four-factor analysis . For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. Meaningful access does not mean total access, If the ADA Undue Hardship Paradigm Comes to Religious Accommodations Requests, Plaintiff Could Still Lose. Courts Reasoning for Granting Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 inches. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substance being used. That way, regardless of who wins in this category, I cant get an inferiority complex:-), William Goren is one of the countrys foremost authorities on the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. Identifying "Meaningful Access". Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes morbidity in about 2.8% of all trauma patients, leaving many with long-term disabilities due to functional loss and causing major socioeconomic costs. When the loads specified in paragraph (g)(4)(vii) of this section are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface that is prescribed in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section. The means of access must be determined before erection of the scaffold and employees are never allowed to climb on cross braces for either vertical or horizontal movement. work load should not exceed 500lbs, no more than two people. Pump jack scaffolding must be braced vertically at least every _____ feet. Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. Horizontal members used for access must be parallel and level and must be built into the end frame of the scaffold. The end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches (1.3 m) apart. Wire suspension ropes shall not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. Earth has usually been much warmer than it is today. LanguageLine supports thousands of government agencies across North America, helping them to improve communication with LEP persons every day, at all touch points throughout their organization. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches (46 cm), unless it is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. It is also curious as to why once the defendant amended their policy during the course of the litigation, that the case did not settle. The load end of wire suspension ropes shall be equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means. Find 7 ways to say MEANS OF ACCESS, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Stairways shall be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. At least three and one-half inches (9 cm) high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system. Meaningful access does not mean total access nor does it mean that a plaintiffs preference has to drive the outcome (be careful here because if you are dealing with effective communications, it doesnt work that way as seen in this blog entry). If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. That the policy did not provide access to trained individuals capable of administering insulin injections, did not prevent the child from enjoying meaningful access to the defendants program. Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. It is the responsibility of ____________ to ensure safety on the job site. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. More Definitions of means of access. Before erecting the scaffold, a number of factors must be accounted for. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. William Goren is one of the countrys foremost authorities on the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. When midrails are used, they shall be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. This determination shall be based on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled. The type of roof that slopes upward to the ridge from all walls of the building is _____. 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