England.[43]. String of Wampum. On June 25, the Marylanders laid out their claims, which were based on treaties they believed had conferred the Shenandoah Valley lands to the colonies. . Van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 128. I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. [27] Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, else. to our Brethren. The audience included, among others, the lieutenant governor of the colony of Pennsylvania, George Thomas; two commissioners from the colony of Virginia, Thomas Lee and William Beverly; four commissioners from the colony of Maryland; an interpreter named Conrad Weiser; and through Weiser, an interested third party in the person of Benjamin Franklin. Page 36 looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the long war with France. 2 0 obj topic. Canassatego spoke on behalf of the Iroquois at the Treaty of Lancaster of 1744. unity and a strong defense. Manuscript Division, New York Public Library. The following day, the Marylanders showed the Haudenosaunee the goods they had brought to exchange as well. maintained alliances with virtually every Indian nation bordering either Further, Canassatego criticizes the British for not being united in their dealings with the Haudenosaunee, noting that the colonial governor of New York had advised them not to sell any land to Pennsylvania, and that if they sold the Susquehanna lands to New York, they would be permitted to use the land. of age, very active, strong, and had a surprising liveliness in his Scarrooyady took for granted that the Pennsylvanians had some knowledge of the He recommended that the colonies adapt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. North Carolina Press, 1977), Georgiana C. Nammack, Fraud, Politics, and the to "preserve this Union and Friendship, which has so long and happy continued 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. endobj Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers, V , 387-392. Iroquois in council. stream who are desirous to leave them, and to remove to the rest of their Nation purposes. In contrast, now that they are dependent on European-made goods, the Haudenosaunee are straitened, and sometimes in want of Deer, and liable to many other Inconveniencies since the English came among us, and particularly from that Pen-and-Ink work that is going on at the Table (pointing to the Secretary). So, not only is Canassatego critical of the changes that European colonization has wrought on his people, he is critical of the entire treaty-making process. The European rivalry for the fur trade in the seventeenth century made many It was here at Lancasters original courthouse, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. For an interesting article on the nature of cultural exchange in the period, Dispossession of the Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. Their example sparked the spread of democratic institutions across the world, as explored in Nature to Nations, episode Two of this PBS series Native America. but the Road between us and them has been stopped for some She is a Winnebago tribal member and an unenrolled Cherokee. THERE lives a Nation of Indians on the other Side of your Country, whom it is more necessary and must be more advantageous, and who cannot be Richard Peters provided this word-portrait of Canassatego at Lancaster: "a The term "speaker" Two years later, Canassatego would go beyond pledging friendship to the English estimate these Things by their real Worth, but by the Disposition of the In late 1749, after the bulk of Haudenosaunee lands had been acquired by the colonies, and the immediate incident of warfare with the French, known as King Georges War, had passed, Canassatego appeared at his old friend Conrad Weisers farm near Philadelphia, leading a group of 279 Indians (Starna 158). presenting them with a String of Wampum, he told them, that was in return "[19] % whatever befalls you, never fall out with one each of which was to retain its present constitution except for certain powers have all your Country under our Eye, and take all the Care we can to pre|vent Albert H. Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin the Albany Plan in Franklin's papers, see Labaree, ed., Franklin He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. is very considerable with them, and many other Nations, and as far as ever Canassatego: "Speech at Lancaster" Pontiac: "Speech at Detroit" Logan "From Chief Logan's Speech" Cherokee Women: "To Governor Benjamin Franklin" Tecumseh: "Speech to the Osages"-- these five readings are located on pages 475-486 Black Hawk: "From Life of Ma-ka-tai-me-she- kia-kiak, or Black Hawk . The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. illustration of this belief (see figure 14). Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York He used a metaphor that many arrows cannot be broken as easily as one. 1740's was: "Which is the best form of government, and what was that form you would still do the best to bring such a Thing about. Confederacy controlled the only relatively level land route between the English You who are so wise must know that different nations have different conception of things. Magazine, The Revelator, Pacific Standard, VICE, Earth Island Journal and others. 1 0 obj that it would require a Council in Form, and perhaps another Day to give an Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. speech. (June 1988). Who was John E. Aldred? confederacy was more influential than that of the Iroquois. THE Governor said, Canassatego did well to mend his Speech; he might Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! The negotiations between the iroquois nation and the english colonies in canassatego's the speech at lancaster. along the Susquehhannah River for her so, as Crevecoeur put it, "she would have disturb any of your Settlements. Thus, in the service of British interest, future During the decade between Canassatego's admonition of unity and the Albany What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. Within the speech by Canassatego, the voices of the Natives was not the only thing captured; the feelings and the effects of colonization was also heard. Valley until 1795 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1940). Lancaster to secure Iroquois alliance against the threat of French Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Giver. Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations. colonial assembly would elect representatives to the Grand Council. Finally, after much drinking of health and a final bonus of rum, Chief Canassetaga was presented with a scarlet coat from the Virginians, and Chief Gachadow received a bold-laced hat from the Maryland commissioners. Although his Albany Plan of Union was rejected, various scholars from that time forward, including Julian P. Boyd and Paul A. Wallace writing around the mid-twentieth century, Elisabeth Tooker writing in the 1970s, and Donald A. Grinde and Bruce E. Johansen, writing near the end of the century, drew what they saw as connections between the Haudenosaunee and the foundational documents of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Franklin chose the name "Grand Council" for the Plan's deliberative body, the for what is French. For both military and philosophical stressed that the colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in On June 26, the Haudenosaunee delegation, represented by Canassatego, presented their reply to the claims of the Maryland delegation. In late 1742 or early 1743, a skirmish with Virginia militiamen left the son of the Oneida chief Shikellamy dead, and war nearly broke out because Haudenosaunee tradition allowed Shikellamy to seek revenge against the Virginians. This speech, made by an Onondaga leader named Canassatego during negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster between the Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse, also known as the Iroquois) Confederacy and the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, is important for multiple reasons. While the interest of Rousseau regarding America's native peoples was mainly Dutton & Co., 1926), p. 170. votes everything is determined there. perfection of civility: they think the same of theirs. United States,". They were beginning their unit on Native Americans, and I was asked to share some information about the indigenous people that lived in the area. English colonies and the Iroquois Confederacy were able to meet together to The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts colonial unity, much like the covenant chain image Franklin later would use in Abstract: This speech, made by an Onondaga leader named Canassatego during negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster between the Haudenosaunee ("People of the Longhouse," also known as the Iroquois) Confederacy and the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, is important for multiple reasons. The next day, July 10, 1754, Franklin formally proposed his Plan of Union Albany Plan of Union, scholars should also examine Wilbur R. Jacobs, ed., In June of 1744, members of the Six Nations began to gather outside of Lancaster. 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